1 Thessalonians 4:15-17 does not prove a “rapture” as commonly understood in certain Christian circles.
“For this we declare to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, shall not precede those who have fallen asleep. For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a cry of command, with the archangel’s call, and with the sound of the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise first; then we who are alive, who are left, shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air; and so we shall always be with the Lord.” (1 Thessalonians 4:15-17)
1. St. Paul mentions the resurrection of the dead. However, in 1 Corinthians 15:22-26 he says that the resurrection of the dead is followed by the end of the world: “For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. But each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ. Then comes the end, when he delivers the kingdom to God the Father after destroying every rule and every authority and power. For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet. The last enemy to be destroyed is death.”
2. The trumpet call is also mentioned. Once again, Paul talks about it elsewhere in his letters, namely in 1 Corinthians 15:51-53: “Lo! I tell you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed. For this perishable nature must put on the imperishable, and this mortal nature must put on immortality.” The trumpet sounds at the resurrection, which happens at the last judgment.
For further reading (or listening), apologist Karlo Broussard has made a show on Catholic Answers about this topic: (https://www.catholic.com/audio/caf/meeting-the-rapture-challenge)